医学公开数据库查询与登记

references/openweathermap.md

Base URL

https://api.openweathermap.org

Authentication

• API Key: REQUIRED. Register for a free key at https://home.openweathermap.org/users/sign_up
• Pass as query parameter: &appid=YOUR_KEY
• Free tier key activates within a few hours of registration.

Rate Limits (Free Tier)

• Quotas depend on product and subscription; check the account and pricing page before a batch.
• Current weather, 5-day forecast, geocoding: Available on free tier.
• One Call 3.0: Requires subscription (1,000 free calls/day with credit card on file).
• Air pollution history is documented from 2020-11-27; weather-history subscriptions are a separate product. Do not assume all history routes have the same entitlement.

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Key Endpoints

1. Current Weather

GET /data/2.5/weather

Parameters:

Parameter	Type	Required	Default	Description
q	string	Cond.	-	City name, optionally with state/country: London, London,GB, Portland,OR,US.
lat	float	Cond.	-	Latitude (use with lon).
lon	float	Cond.	-	Longitude (use with lat).
id	int	Cond.	-	City ID (from OWM city list).
zip	string	Cond.	-	Zip/postal code with country: 90210,US, SW1,GB.
units	string	No	standard	standard (Kelvin), metric (Celsius), imperial (Fahrenheit).
lang	string	No	en	Language code for descriptions.
appid	string	Yes	-	API key.

Use lat+lon. Built-in city-name, city-ID and ZIP geocoding (q, id, zip) is deprecated although still available; resolve locations through /geo/1.0/ for maintained integrations.

Example:

https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?lat=40.7128&lon=-74.0060&units=metric&appid=YOUR_KEY

Response:

{
  "coord": {"lon": -74.006, "lat": 40.7128},
  "weather": [
    {
      "id": 800,
      "main": "Clear",
      "description": "clear sky",
      "icon": "01d"
    }
  ],
  "base": "stations",
  "main": {
    "temp": 22.5,
    "feels_like": 21.8,
    "temp_min": 20.1,
    "temp_max": 24.3,
    "pressure": 1013,
    "humidity": 55,
    "sea_level": 1013,
    "grnd_level": 1010
  },
  "visibility": 10000,
  "wind": {"speed": 3.6, "deg": 220, "gust": 5.1},
  "clouds": {"all": 0},
  "dt": 1700000000,
  "sys": {
    "country": "US",
    "sunrise": 1699960000,
    "sunset": 1699996000
  },
  "timezone": -18000,
  "id": 5128581,
  "name": "New York",
  "cod": 200
}

2. 5-Day / 3-Hour Forecast (Free)

GET /data/2.5/forecast

Returns forecast data in 3-hour intervals for 5 days (40 data points). Same location parameters as current weather.

Additional Parameters:

Parameter	Type	Description
cnt	int	Number of 3-hour steps to return (max 40).

Example:

https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/forecast?lat=51.5085&lon=-0.1257&units=metric&cnt=8&appid=YOUR_KEY

Response:

{
  "cod": "200",
  "message": 0,
  "cnt": 8,
  "list": [
    {
      "dt": 1700000000,
      "main": {
        "temp": 10.5,
        "feels_like": 8.2,
        "temp_min": 9.8,
        "temp_max": 10.5,
        "pressure": 1020,
        "humidity": 80
      },
      "weather": [{"id": 802, "main": "Clouds", "description": "scattered clouds", "icon": "03d"}],
      "clouds": {"all": 40},
      "wind": {"speed": 4.1, "deg": 250},
      "visibility": 10000,
      "pop": 0.2,
      "dt_txt": "2024-01-15 12:00:00"
    }
  ],
  "city": {
    "id": 2643743,
    "name": "London",
    "coord": {"lat": 51.5085, "lon": -0.1257},
    "country": "GB",
    "population": 1000000,
    "timezone": 0,
    "sunrise": 1699950000,
    "sunset": 1699982000
  }
}

pop is probability of precipitation (0.0 to 1.0).

3. Geocoding

GET /geo/1.0/direct
GET /geo/1.0/reverse
GET /geo/1.0/zip

Direct geocoding (city name to coordinates):

https://api.openweathermap.org/geo/1.0/direct?q=London,GB&limit=5&appid=YOUR_KEY

Returns array of {name, lat, lon, country, state}.

Reverse geocoding (coordinates to city name):

https://api.openweathermap.org/geo/1.0/reverse?lat=51.5085&lon=-0.1257&limit=1&appid=YOUR_KEY

Zip code geocoding:

https://api.openweathermap.org/geo/1.0/zip?zip=90210,US&appid=YOUR_KEY

4. One Call API 3.0 (Subscription Required)

GET /data/3.0/onecall

Comprehensive endpoint returning current, minutely (1h), hourly (48h), daily (8d), and alerts in one call.

Parameters:

Parameter	Type	Required	Description
lat	float	Yes	Latitude.
lon	float	Yes	Longitude.
exclude	string	No	Comma-separated parts to exclude: current, minutely, hourly, daily, alerts.
units	string	No	standard, metric, imperial.
appid	string	Yes	API key.

Example:

https://api.openweathermap.org/data/3.0/onecall?lat=40.7128&lon=-74.006&exclude=minutely,alerts&units=metric&appid=YOUR_KEY

5. One Call API 4.0 (separate subscription)

The current One Call 4.0 documentation describes a separate endpoint family; the 3.0 route above remains separately documented. Do not change only the version in a 3.0 URL.

GET /data/4.0/onecall/current?lat={lat}&lon={lon}&appid={key}
GET /data/4.0/onecall/timeline/1h?lat={lat}&lon={lon}&appid={key}
GET /data/4.0/onecall/timeline/1day?lat={lat}&lon={lon}&appid={key}

Responses contain location/timezone fields and a data array. Timeline responses can include next/prev URLs; follow those URLs rather than constructing offsets. Each page is a billed API call under the selected plan. The One Call by Call plan includes 1,000 calls/day free, while the initial account cap is 2,000 calls/day; those are different thresholds. Check the configured limit before running a batch. Examples here are documentation-verified, not authenticated live tests.

6. Air Pollution

GET /data/2.5/air_pollution
GET /data/2.5/air_pollution/forecast
GET /data/2.5/air_pollution/history

Parameters: lat, lon, appid (required). For history: start and end (Unix timestamps).

Example:

https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/air_pollution?lat=40.7128&lon=-74.006&appid=YOUR_KEY

Response:

{
  "coord": {"lon": -74.006, "lat": 40.7128},
  "list": [
    {
      "main": {"aqi": 2},
      "components": {
        "co": 230.31,
        "no": 0.5,
        "no2": 15.0,
        "o3": 68.0,
        "so2": 2.5,
        "pm2_5": 8.1,
        "pm10": 12.3,
        "nh3": 1.0
      },
      "dt": 1700000000
    }
  ]
}

AQI scale: 1=Good, 2=Fair, 3=Moderate, 4=Poor, 5=Very Poor. Components in ug/m3.

---

Weather Condition Codes

Range	Category
2xx	Thunderstorm
3xx	Drizzle
5xx	Rain
6xx	Snow
7xx	Atmosphere (fog, mist, haze)
800	Clear
80x	Clouds

Weather icons: https://openweathermap.org/img/wn/{icon}@2x.png

Free Tier vs Paid Summary

Endpoint	Free	Subscription
Current weather	Yes	Yes
5-day/3-hour forecast	Yes	Yes
Geocoding	Yes	Yes
Air pollution (current)	Yes	Yes
One Call 3.0	1000/day (credit card required)	Yes
Historical weather	No	Yes
Daily forecast 16-day	No	Yes
Climatic forecast 30-day	No	Yes

Notes

• All timestamps (dt, sunrise, sunset) are Unix epoch seconds (UTC).
• timezone field is offset in seconds from UTC (e.g. -18000 = UTC-5).
• Default temperature unit is Kelvin. Always specify units=metric or units=imperial.
• City name queries (q=) can be ambiguous. Prefer lat+lon for precision, using geocoding first if needed.
• Weather icon URL pattern: https://openweathermap.org/img/wn/{icon}@2x.png (e.g. 01d for clear day).
• Error responses return {"cod": 401, "message": "Invalid API key"} or similar.