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获取原文件references/eurostat.md
Overview
Eurostat is the statistical office of the European Union, providing statistics on economy, population, trade, labor, environment, and more for EU/EEA member states and partner countries. The API follows the SDMX (Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange) standard.
Base URL
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1
An older JSON-stat endpoint also exists:
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0
Authentication
No API key required. The API is fully open and free.
Rate Limits
- No formal rate limits documented.
- Eurostat may throttle aggressive scraping. Keep automated requests to 1-2 per second.
- Large datasets may time out; use filters to reduce response size.
Key Endpoints (SDMX 2.1 API)
1. Get Dataset (Observations)
GET /data/{datasetCode}/{filter}
| Parameter | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
datasetCode |
Yes | Eurostat dataset code (e.g., nama_10_gdp, demo_pjan) |
filter |
No | Dot-separated dimension filter. Use + for multiple values in a dimension, . to separate dimensions, empty segment for "all". |
Query parameters:
| Parameter | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
format |
No | sdmx+json (default), sdmx+csv, sdmx+xml, TSV |
startPeriod |
No | Start year/quarter/month: 2015, 2020-Q1, 2020-01 |
endPeriod |
No | End year/quarter/month |
detail |
No | full (default), dataonly, serieskeysonly, nodata |
lang |
No | en (default), fr, de |
Example (GDP at market prices for Germany and France, annual, 2018-2023):
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/nama_10_gdp/A.CP_MEUR.B1GQ.DE+FR?startPeriod=2018&endPeriod=2023
Example (total population by country, annual):
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/demo_pjan/A.NR.T.TOTAL.DE+FR+IT+ES?startPeriod=2015&endPeriod=2023
Example (unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, monthly):
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/une_rt_m/M.SA.TOTAL.PC_ACT.T.EA20?startPeriod=2023-01&endPeriod=2024-12
Example (HICP inflation, all items, monthly):
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/prc_hicp_mmor/M.RCH_M.CP00.DE+FR+IT?startPeriod=2023-01&endPeriod=2024-06&format=JSON
2. Get Dataset as CSV
Append ?format=SDMX-CSV to any data request for a flat CSV response that is easier to parse.
Example:
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/nama_10_gdp/A.CP_MEUR.B1GQ.DE+FR?startPeriod=2018&endPeriod=2023&format=SDMX-CSV
3. Get Dataset Structure (Dimensions and Code Lists)
GET /datastructure/ESTAT/{datasetCode}
Example:
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/datastructure/ESTAT/nama_10_gdp
Returns dimension names, positions, and code list references.
4. Get Code List (Dimension Values)
GET /codelist/ESTAT/{codelistId}
Example:
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/codelist/ESTAT/GEO
5. Search/Browse Datasets (Dataflows)
GET /dataflow/ESTAT/all
Returns all available Eurostat datasets. Add ?detail=allstubs for a lighter listing.
Example:
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/dataflow/ESTAT/all?detail=allstubs
JSON-stat API (Simpler Alternative)
Base URL
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data
Get Data
GET /data/{datasetCode}?{dimension_filters}
Dimensions are passed as query parameters using their dimension name.
Example (GDP for DE and FR):
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nama_10_gdp?geo=DE&geo=FR&unit=CP_MEUR&na_item=B1GQ&freq=A&time=2020&time=2021&time=2022&lang=en
Response (JSON-stat format):
{
"version": "2.0",
"label": "GDP and main components (output, expenditure and income)",
"id": ["freq", "unit", "na_item", "geo", "time"],
"size": [1, 1, 1, 2, 3],
"dimension": {
"geo": {
"label": "Geopolitical entity",
"category": {
"index": {"DE": 0, "FR": 1},
"label": {"DE": "Germany", "FR": "France"}
}
},
"time": {
"label": "Time",
"category": {
"index": {"2020": 0, "2021": 1, "2022": 2}
}
}
},
"value": [3336010.0, 3601750.0, 3876810.0, 2310420.0, 2500870.0, 2639090.0],
"status": {}
}
Values are in a flat array; use dimension sizes to reshape.
Common Dataset Codes
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
nama_10_gdp |
GDP and main components |
nama_10_pc |
GDP per capita |
namq_10_gdp |
GDP quarterly |
demo_pjan |
Population on 1 January |
demo_gind |
Population change (births, deaths, migration) |
une_rt_m |
Unemployment rate (monthly) |
une_rt_a |
Unemployment rate (annual) |
lfsi_emp_a |
Employment rate (annual) |
prc_hicp_manr |
HICP inflation (annual rate of change, monthly) |
prc_hicp_mmor |
HICP inflation (monthly rate of change) |
ext_lt_maineu |
EU trade by partner (main partners) |
ext_st_27_2020sitc |
International trade by SITC |
bop_c6_q |
Balance of payments (quarterly) |
gov_10dd_edpt1 |
Government deficit/surplus |
gov_10a_main |
Government revenue, expenditure and main aggregates |
sts_inpr_m |
Industrial production (monthly) |
tour_occ_nim |
Tourism (nights spent at accommodation) |
env_air_gge |
Greenhouse gas emissions |
tec00114 |
GDP growth rate (percentage change) |
tec00118 |
Government debt as % of GDP |
Common Country Codes (ISO 2-letter, Eurostat uses uppercase)
AT Austria, BE Belgium, BG Bulgaria, CY Cyprus, CZ Czechia, DE Germany, DK Denmark, EE Estonia, EL Greece, ES Spain, FI Finland, FR France, HR Croatia, HU Hungary, IE Ireland, IT Italy, LT Lithuania, LU Luxembourg, LV Latvia, MT Malta, NL Netherlands, PL Poland, PT Portugal, RO Romania, SE Sweden, SI Slovenia, SK Slovakia
Aggregates: EU27_2020 (EU-27), EA20 (Euro area 20), EA19 (Euro area 19), EEA30_2007 (EEA)
Note: Greece uses EL (not GR) in Eurostat.
Format and dimension handling
The SDMX 2.1 API defaults to SDMX-ML Generic XML. Supported format values
include SDMX_2.1_STRUCTURED, SDMX-CSV, JSON (JSON-stat), and TSV.
Do not parse format=JSON as a SDMX-JSON dataSets/structure envelope.
For JSON-stat, use id, size, and each dimension's category index to reshape
value; values may be an array or a sparse index-keyed object. Missing cells
are not zero. Preserve observation flags and dataset update time.
Notes
- Dimension order in the filter path depends on the dataset structure. Always check
/datastructure/ESTAT/{code}first. - Use
+to select multiple values in one dimension (e.g.,DE+FR+IT). - Leave a dimension segment empty (consecutive dots
..) to select all values. - CSV format (
?format=SDMX-CSV) is recommended for easier parsing -- it returns flat rows with labeled columns. - The JSON-stat API is simpler for quick queries but the SDMX API is more powerful and complete.
- Dataset codes can be found at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/ by browsing themes.
- Large unrestricted queries may time out. Always filter by country and time period.